Gyratory crusher



Wm UC m A ril 7, 1953 Flled Dec 9 1949 the gravitating material to repeated blows.

capable of ing With this shaft.

Patented Apr. 7, 1953 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE GYRATORY CRUSHER Harvey H. R-umpel, Whitefish Bay, Wis., assignor to Smith Engineering Works, Milwaukee, Wis., a corporation of Wisconsin Application December 9, 1949, Serial No. 132,075

4 Claims. 1

My present invention relates in general to improvements in the art of crushing, and relates more particularly to improvements in the construction and operation of gyratory crushers for the reduction of hard materials such as rock, ore, and the like.

The primary object of the present invention is to provide an improved gyratory crusher which issimple and durable in construction, and which is also most efiicient in operation.

Gyratory crushers of diverse types have heretofore been utilized extensively for the reduction of rock, ore and like materials, and while some of these crushing units are operable at relatively slow speed and with short crushing strokes, others are operable at higher speeds and with considerably longer strokes so that the latter may therefore be designated as high speed or impact gyratory crushers since they subject It is a relatively simple matter to provide adequate bearings for the gyrating parts of the slow speed crushers, but far greater difficulty is encountered in connection with the provision of ample and suitable bearings for the corresponding parts of high speed impact machines and which are withstanding the pounding and enormous pressures to which the bearings of such machines are subjected. v

In one practical type of these prior high speed impact gyratory crushers, the crushing head is gyrated without the aid of an eccentric sleeve by a rotary shaft having an eccentric upper portion coacting with the freely rotatable head; and

,in another prior commercial type of the same general class of machines, the head is provided with a depending freely rotatable coaxial shaft and is gyrated by a rotary eccentric sleeve coact- While I have solved the difficulty of providing effective bearings for the .latter of these two types of impact crushers as shown and described in Patent No. 2,590,795,

granted March 25, 1952, this prior improved bearing assemblage is not well adapted for application wherein no eccentric sleeve is employed to gyrate the head and in which gyration is effected by a unitary rotary shaft having an eccentric upper portion with which the crushing head coacts.

It is therefore an important object of my presbearings are located so as to most effectively absorb the shock and pounding action due to crushing.

Still another object of the present invention is to provide an improved gyratory crusher of the type wherein the crushing head is supported entirely from beneath, and in which ample and readily accessible anti-friction bearings are asso- 1 ciated with the head and with the gyrating mechanism therefor.

An additional object of my invention is to provide an improved combined axially and radially loaded bearing assemblage for high speed impact gyratory crushing units, wherein a group of bearings for effectively resisting both radial and axial pressures imposed upon the gyratory parts is effectively concealed and protected but is abundantly lubricated while the crusher is opan upper eccentric portionupon which the crushing head is freely rotatable.

Another object of the invention is to provide various improvements in the construction and operation of gyratory crusher bearings, whereby uniform loading of the bearing surfaces is insured and the cost of construction and maintenance of such bearings is minimized, while the efficiency and life thereof is enhanced.

The above and other objects and advantages of this invention will be apparent from the follow- 1 ing description.

A clear conception of the improved bearing assemblage constituting my present improvement, .and. of the construction and operation of several typical gyratory crushers embodying the same, may be had by referring to the drawings accompanying and forming a part of this speciflcationwherein the same or similar parts are identified by like reference characters.

Fig. 1 is ,a central vertical section through a typical high speed gyratory crusher embodying 3 one type of the improved bearings for the gyrating crushing head; and

Fig. 2 is a similar section through a typical high speed gyratory crusher embodying a modified type of crushing head bearing assemblage involving the improvement.

While the invention has been shown and described as being advantageously applicable to high speed, long throw gyratory crushers wherein the gyrating mechanism is gear driven and is disposed and concealed entirely beneath the crushing head, it is not my. desire or intent to unnecessarily restrict the utility :of the-improved features by virtue of this specific embodiment; and it is also contemplated that specific descriptive terms employed herein be given the broadest possible interpretation consistent with the disclosure.

Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings the improved high speed gyratory reduction crusher illustrated therein comprises in general, a sturdy main frame 4 having a rigid annular hollow central upright hub 5 surrounded by a crushed materialdelivery space 7; an annular crushing concave 8 carried by the frame 6 above the hub 5 and having a renewable liner 9 provided with an annular lower crushing surface It! and with a central material supply opening ll disposed coaxial with the central vertical axis [2 of the frame hub 5; a unitary or one-piece rotary shaft having a lower portion l4 located coaxially of the axis l2 within the hub 5 and also having an upper eccentric portion the axis [6 of which is disposed at an angle relative to and intersects the hub axis 12, the two shaft portions [4, l5 being separated by an integral flange I! having lower and upper surfaces l8, l9 disposed perpendicular to the axes l2, 15 respectively; a crushing head freely rotatable about the upper shaft portion [5 above the flange I! and having a renewable annular mantle 21 provided with an upper crushing surface 22 cooperating with the lower concave surface H) to provide an annular downwardly and outwardly flaring crushing zone or chamber 24; upper and lower radially loaded anti-friction bearings 25, 26 interposed between the hub 5 and the lower upright shaft portion 14; similar radially loaded upper and lower antif riction bearings 21, 28 interposed between the head and'the upper inclined shaft portion !5; lower and upper axially loaded thrust bearings 29, 30 interposed respectively between the flange surface It and hub 5 and between the flange surface l9 and head 20; and mechanism for rotating the shaft to gyrate the crushing head 20 relative to the normally stationary concave 8.

The central hub 5 is integrally united with the outer main frame 4 by means of sturdy ribs 32 which span the discharge space 1, and the upper end of the hub 5 is provided with anintegral annular upper'extension 33 within which the radially loaded bearing 25 is confined, and which is also embraced by the thrust bearin 29 which coacts with the lower surface l8 of the flange H. The upper crushing member'or concave 8 is tiltably mounted upon'a verticallyadjustable supporting ring 35 which is adapted to be locked to the framed by means of an annular split wedge 35, and the concave is provided with an integral peripheral flange 3 which is normally held firmly against an annular ridge 38 formed "on the ring 35, by means of one or more annular series of compression springs 39. The lower ends of these springs 39 press'againstthe concave fian'ge 31 while their upper'endsrea'ct -ring 35 is internally screw threaded for coaction with threads formed on the split wedge 35, and

the exterior of the ring 35 is provided with an annular series or teeth or lugs 43 with which a ratchet 44 is cooperable. This ratchet 44 is operable to revolve the ring 35 about the wedge 36 in order to raise or lower the concave 8 and to thereby vary the vertical widthof the crushing'zone :24, and when proper adjustmentof the "ring -35 has been effected it may be locked in position by nieansof aseries ofjack'sc'rews carried by the main frame l and coactin'g with the bottom of the split wedge 35. This adjusting mechanism for the concave 8 is concealed. and protected against damage from material'discharged at the lower end of the crushing chamber M, by means of an annular apron EB suspended from the'sup portin ing 35 and slidably coactin'g with a'sealing rings? mounted'on the frame 4, and the ribs 32 which connect the outer frame l and hub 5 are also protected against damage and excessive wear by me'ans of Wear resistant'shields 48 located within the discharge space I. a

The inner crushing member or head 25 which is freely rotatable about the iipper inclined shaft portion {5, is provided with a lower annular extension '55 withinwhich the'radiallyloaded bearing 23 is confinedQand'which is's'nugly'enrbraced by the thrust bearing 35 coacting with the upper inclined surface it -of the flange 11. The other radially loaded head bearing 2'5 is confined within an annular recess formed in the upper portion of the head 25,'and the inner elements'or races of the bearings 21, 28 arespac'ed apart by a sleeve 5!. The head 2% is also provided with a central plug 52 having a screw threaded portion projecting above the top of the head; and the head mantle 2i which cooperates with the concave liner 9 to form the crushingcliamber or one 24, is firmly but detachably secured to the frustoconical'outer surface of thehead 2% by means of a tubular clamping member 53 having afeed plate 5d mounted thereon within the hopper 42. While the crushing surface 22 of the head mantle "21 is illustrated as a spherical zone surface, this configuration may be varied to suit.

The unitary or one piece rotary crank-shaft M with which the flange i7 and'upper eccentric or inclined portion l5 are preferably formed integral, and which is supported solely by the flange I? and the thrust bearings 29, 35 and by the guide bearings 25, .25 extends through the fixed frame hub 5 andexte'n sion33 and is adapted to be rotated at any desired speed by means of a bevel gear 56 drivingly secured to the lower extremity of the shaft M by a transverse key 5?. The gear 55 rests upon a resiliently supported block 58 carried by the lower closure plate 550i theframe hub 5, and meshes with a bevel pinion easterlies to amend of a countershaft 6! which is 'journalled in bearing '62 carried by a bracket 63, and the'opposite'end 'of this shaft 5! is provided with a driving sheave or pulley 5'4. The'lowe'r- .most radially. loaded bearing 26 coacts with the shaft [4 closely adjacent to the driving gear 56, and this gear together with the pinion 60, shaft GI and bearings 62, are concealed and protected by the bracket 63 and main frame e.

While the hub 5 and head 2!) conceal and protect the radially loaded bearings 25, 26, 21,

internal bore adjoining these rings, and the bottom of the head 25 is also provided with sealing rings 68 and with an annular outer surface ad joining these rings. An annular sealing member 59 which is rotatable with the main shaft M by means of a driving lug formed on the shaft flange ii, is interposed between and is sealingly engageable with the rings 61, 68, and a snap ring H carried by the lower portion of the member 69 coacts with the bore of the wall 55 while a similar rin '52 is carried by the head Zil and coact's with a bore at the upper end of the member 69. The member 55 is rotatable relative to the wall 6b and the;crushing head 20 is freely rotatable relative to the rotating member 69, but the rings 61,68, 12, I l cooperate with the member 69 to provide an effective enclosure for sealing the bearings 29, 353 from the crushed material delivery passage 1.

As illustrated in Fig. 1, all of the radially loaded bearings 25, 26, 21, 28 are of the cylindrical roller anti-friction type with the rollers confined within their outer races so as to resist only radial pressures and to permit free upward removal of the crushing head 20 when the crushing concave 3 has been removed, and to permit like removal of the shaft M when the head 20 has been removed. The axially loaded thrust bearings 29, 3b are also of the cylindrical roller anti-friction type formed to resist only axial pressure and disposed so that the bearing races thereof may shift slightly relative to each other when wear takes place in the radially loaded bearings, and while it is preferable to utilize such anti-friction thrust bearings it is not necessary to provide roller guide bearings for the shaft and head. As shown in Fig. 2, the radially loaded bearings 25, 21' for the crank-shaft M are of the ordinary sleeve or ring type, thus providing a less expensive guide bearing assemblage. In both cases, however, the axially loaded thrust bearings are disposed be tween the eccentric radially loaded bearings and uniform loading of all bearing surfaces is assured; and all of these concealed bearings should be well lubricated by a pump M operable from the countershaft El and adapted to constantly deliver oil through a central passage 35 formed in the shaft 14.

When the improved crusher utilizing either the anti-friction or the sleeve type of radially loaded bearings, has been properly constructed, assembled and adjusted, the pulley 64 may be rotated to rapidly rotate the shaft [4 about the axis l2 and to simultaneously gyrate the upper eccentric shaft portion l and. the head 20 upon the axis l6, and to also operate the pump 14 so as to circulate lubricant through the various bearings and over the gear 56 and pinion 60. While the head 20 is thus being gyrated relative to the concave 8, it is still freely rotatable about the inclined axis the shaft [4 continues to revolve. Material which is to be crushed may then be deposited upon the feed plate 54 within the hopper 42, and will eventually gravitate through the feed opening I l into the crushing zone 24. The admitted material will thereafter advance through the downwardly and outwardly fiaring chamber 24 and will be quickly reduced during such advancement, after which the crushed product will drop through the delivery space I and be discharged from the crusher.

During this reduction of the material by the fixed concave 8 and gyrating head 20, the crushing head may rotate freely in either direction or it may merely swing back and forth like the movable jaw of a jaw crusher, but regardless of the head motion, all of the vertical pressures exerted upon the crushing head 20 will be absorbed by the frame hub 5, axially loaded thrust bearings 29, 30, and by the rigid annular shaft flange ll, while all of the radial or horizontal pressures will be resisted by the guide bearings 25, 26, 21, 28 and the hub 5 and shaft l4 coacting therewith. Besides the vertical pressures induced by crushing, the axial thrust bearings also assume the entire weight of thehead 2|] and shaft l4, so that the radially loaded bearings are entirely relieved of this weight. The springs 39 permit the concave 8 to rise bodily or tilt so as to relieve the unit from abnormal stresses, and the position of the concave may be readily varied with the aid of the ratchet 44 so as to alter the size of the finally crushed product.

From the foregoing detailed description of the construction and operation of the improved crusher, it will be apparent that I have in fact provided a crushing unit of the type wherein the freely rotatable head 20 is gyrated by a rotary crank-shaft having an integral head gyrating portion, and wherein the head and shaft are effectively supported by simple guide and thrust bearings so that the latter will automatically compensate for wear in all of the bearings. The improved composite bearing assemblage not only compensates for such wear by providing extensive thrust bearings between the shaft portions l4, l5and close to the crushing zone, but also enables ready assembly and dismantling of the crusher, and accomplishes these results with simple anti-friction or sleeve type guide bearings.

The large flange H with which the thrust bearings 29, 3Q coact, eliminates tipping or tilting of the crank-shaft, and the improved structure also eliminates necessity of providing complicated thrust bearings at the lower end of the head gyrating shaft I4, and furthermore avoids the use of spherical bearings which are difficult to machine. In the improved gyratory crusher, the thrust bearings 29, 30 are located as near as possible in proximity to the crushing zone 24, and the same is true of most of the radially loaded bearings, thereby obviating objectionable leverages to the fullest extent and reducing wear on the bearings to a minimum. All bearings are well concealed and protected against entry of dust and grit, and the improved machine has enormous capacity considering its compactness and relative simplicity.

It should be understood that it is not my desire to limit this invention to the exact details of construction or to the precise mode of operation of the gyratory crushers herein specifically shown and described, since various modifications axes; of said lower and upper shaft portions re- ;spectiyely, an -=annular crushing concave carried -by--saidframe-coaxially of -said 1 lower shaft por- -tion,-- a-crushinghead cooperating with said concave -to 'providean annular crushing chamber and; being freely-rotatableabout said upper-shaft portion while its entire weight is supported -by said flange; an annular: sealing- Inember surrounding and beingrotatable; bysaid 'fiange while seal- --inglycooperating with both said-frame hub and with said crushing head spaced :guide bearings interposed between -said hub and the opposite *ends of said lowershaft-iportion and each comprising -an annular series -01" cylindrical rollers formed to resist-radial' loading only,other-spaced guidebearings interposed between said headand v the opposite ends of'said' upper shaft portion and eachcomprising anannular series of cylindrical rollers disposed :toresistradial loading only, and thrust bearings interposed betweensaid flange I surfaces and said hub and head respectively and each comprisingan'annular series of cylindrical roilers disposed-to resist-axialloading only.

"2. In agyratory crusher; a-fwme-having a fixed upright hilbpa unitary rotary shafthaving a lower upright cylindrical portion disposed centrally within'said huband also having an upper cylindrical portion the axis-of which is inclined relativetoand intersects-the axis of said lower shaft portion, said cylindrical shaft portions being separated-from=each other by-an integral flange 7 having lower -andupper relatively inclined plane surfaces disposed perpendicular to the axes of said lower and uppershaft-portions respectively,

an annular crushing -concave-carried -by said frame coaxially' of said lower shaftsportion, a

crushing-- head cooperating with said concave to provide 'an annular crushing chamber and'being freely rotatable-"about said upper shaftgportion while its entire Weight is supported by said-flange,

spaced-guide bearings interposed betweensaid hub and theopposite-ends of said-lower shaft portion and each comprising an annular series of cylindrical rollers formed to resistradialloading only, other spaced guide bearingsinterposed between saidhead and the opposite; ends of said upper shaft portion and each comprising an annular series ofcylindrical rollers disposed to resist radialloadingonly, and thrust bearings interposed between saidlfiange surfaces and said hub and head respectively and each comprismg,

"an annular series "of 1 cylindrical "rollers disposed aesgoti 3. In a gyratory crusher, a frame having a fixed upright hub, a unitary rotary shaft havin a lower upright portion disposed centrally within said hub and also having an upperlinclined eccentric portion separated from said lower portion by an integral flange having "lower and upper relatively inclined plane surfaces disposed perpendicular to the central axes of said lower and upper shaft portionsrespectively,acrushing concave carried by said frame coaxially .of said lower shaft portion, a crushing head freely rotatable about the central axis of said 'upper shaft portion and cooperating with said concave to provide an annular downwardly and outwardly crushing chamber, the entire weight of said head being supported by said flange, anti-friction guide bearings interposed between said hub and said lower shaft portion and betweensaid headand said upper shaft portion and each comprising an annular series of rollers formed and disposed to resist radial loading only, andanti-friction thrust bearings interposed between said: flange and said head and hub and each comprising an annular series of rollers formed and disposed to resist axial loading-only.

l. In a gyratory crusher, a frame having a fixed upright hub, a unitary rotary shaft having a lower upright portion disposed centrally within said hub and also having an upper inclined eccentric portion separated from said lower portion by an integral iiange having lower and upper relatively inclined plane surfaces'disposed perpendicular to the central axes of said lower and upper shaft portions respectively,.a crushing concave carried by said frame coaxially of said lower shaft portion, a crushing head freelyrotatable about the central-axis of said upper shaft portion and cooperating-withsaid concave to provide an annular downwardlyandoutwardly crushing chamber, the entire weight of said head being carried by said flange and the entire weight of said shaft and head beingcarried by the upper portion of said hub, spaced anti-friction guide bearings interposed between said hub and said lower shaft portiomananti-friction guide bearing interposed between saidheadand said'upper shaft portion, each'of said guide bearings'comprising an annular series of rollers formed and disposed to resist radialloading only,and antifriction thrustbearings interposed between said flange and said head and hub and each comprismg an annular series of rollers formed and disposed to resist axial loading only.

HARVEY H. RUMPEL.

REFERENCES i CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

"UNITED STATES PATENTS 

